--- title: Landfill Gas | How It Is Formed & Why It Is Dangerous description: Landfill gas is a dangerous and under-recognized environmental pollutant. We will explore what landfill gas is and the danger it poses. image: https://www.carboncollectiveinvesting.com/hubfs/Landfill_Gas.png --- [![Carbon collective](https://www.carboncollectiveinvesting.com/hubfs/raw_assets/public/CarbonCollective_August2021%20copy/images/carbon-collective-green-investing-logo-white.4f6047d4.svg "Carbon collective")](https://www.carboncollectiveinvesting.com/) - About - Employers - [Sustainable 401(k)](https://www.carboncollectiveinvesting.com/401k) - [401(k) Comparison Tool](https://www.carboncollectiveinvesting.com/401k/plan-comparison-tool) - Individuals - [FAQ](https://www.carboncollective.co/en/knowledge/faqs) - [ETF](https://www.carboncollectivefunds.com/) - Learn - [Sustainable Investing](https://www.carboncollective.co/sustainable-investing) - [Investing Basics](https://www.carboncollective.co/sustainable-investing/investing-basics) - [Blog](https://blog.carboncollective.co/) - [Tools](https://tools.carboncollective.co/calculator/) - Log in - [Carbon Collective](https://app.carboncollective.co) - [Altruist](https://app.altruist.com) [Talk to a human](https://ask.carboncollective.co/f4o5dylkg) [Sign up](https://app.carboncollective.co/sign-up) [Log In](http://app.carboncollective.co/) [![Carbon collective](https://www.carboncollectiveinvesting.com/hubfs/raw_assets/public/CarbonCollective_August2021%20copy/images/carbon-collective-green-investing-logo.53b28bee.svg "Carbon collective")](https://www.carboncollectiveinvesting.com/) - About - Employers - [Sustainable 401(k)](https://www.carboncollectiveinvesting.com/401k) - [401(k) Comparison Tool](https://www.carboncollectiveinvesting.com/401k/plan-comparison-tool) - Individuals - [FAQ](https://www.carboncollective.co/en/knowledge/faqs) - [ETF](https://www.carboncollectivefunds.com/) - Learn - [Sustainable Investing](https://www.carboncollective.co/sustainable-investing) - [Investing Basics](https://www.carboncollective.co/sustainable-investing/investing-basics) - [Blog](https://blog.carboncollective.co/) - [Tools](https://tools.carboncollective.co/calculator/) - Log in - [Carbon Collective](https://app.carboncollective.co) - [Altruist](https://app.altruist.com) [Talk to a human](https://ask.carboncollective.co/f4o5dylkg) [Sign up](https://app.carboncollective.co/sign-up) [Log In](http://app.carboncollective.co/) **[Home](https://www.carboncollectiveinvesting.com/) > [Sustainable Investing](https://www.carboncollectiveinvesting.com/sustainable-investing) >** Landfill Gas # Landfill Gas ![](https://www.carboncollectiveinvesting.com/hubfs/zach-stein.jpeg) Written by Zach Stein | Reviewed by [Subject Matter Experts](https://www.carboncollectiveinvesting.com/subject-matter-experts) Updated on October 1, 2024 Fact Checked Why Trust Carbon Collective? ### Table of Contents ## **What You Need to Know About Landfill Gas** Landfill gas is a natural byproduct of decomposing organic waste. It is composed of approximately 50-60% methane and 40-50% carbon dioxide, with small amounts of other trace gases such as nitrogen, oxygen, and hydrogen sulfide. Although methane concentration in landfill gas is much lower than that of purely natural gas, it is still a potent greenhouse gas. In addition, the other constituents of landfill gas can be harmful to human health if inhaled in high concentrations. ## **How Does Landfill Gas Form?** Landfill gas forms when organic waste decomposes in an anaerobic (oxygen-free) environment. The decomposition process produces methane and carbon dioxide, which are then released into the atmosphere. The amount of landfill gas produced by a particular landfill depends on several factors, including: - **The type of waste being disposed of.** This is because different types of waste [decompose at different rates](https://www.epa.gov/facts-and-figures-about-materials-waste-and-recycling/national-overview-facts-and-figures-materials). - **The age of the landfill.** Landfills that have been in operation for longer periods of time generally produce more gas. - **The temperature and moisture content of the landfill.** These conditions can affect the rate of decomposition and, as a result, the amount of gas produced. - **The moisture content of the waste.** Wetter waste decomposes more quickly and produces more gas. - **The degree of compaction of the waste.** More tightly compacted waste decomposes more slowly and produces less gas. ## **What Are the Effects of Landfill Gas on the Environment?** Landfill gas is a potent greenhouse gas, with a global warming potential (GWP) of 21 over a 100-year period. This means that it has the ability to trap 21 times more heat than carbon dioxide over the course of 100 years. The GWP of methane is actually much higher over a shorter time frame. For example, over a 20-year period, methane has a GWP of 86. This means that it is nearly four times as potent as carbon dioxide over that time frame. In addition to its effects on climate change, landfill gas can also have negative impacts on air quality. The main pollutants found in landfill gas are methane and carbon dioxide, both of which are greenhouse gases. In addition, landfill gas can also contain other harmful pollutants such as: - [Volatile Organic Compounds](https://www.lung.org/clean-air/at-home/indoor-air-pollutants/volatile-organic-compounds) - Nitrogen Oxides (NOx) - Sulfur Dioxide (SO2) - Particulate Matter (PM) ## **What Are the Effects of Landfill Gas on Human Health?** The effects of landfill gas on human health depend on the concentration of the gas and the length of time that a person is exposed to it. Inhalation of high concentrations of methane can lead to asphyxiation, while exposure to high concentrations of carbon dioxide can cause respiratory problems. In addition, other pollutants found in landfill gas, such as volatile organic compounds and particulate matter, can also be harmful to human health if inhaled. Exposure to landfill gas can also cause other health problems such as headaches, nausea, and dizziness. If you live near a landfill, make sure to seal any cracks or gaps in your home to prevent landfill gas from entering. You can also install a gas venting system in your home to help remove any landfill gas that may be present. ## **How to Reduce Your Environmental Impact From Landfill Gas** There are several ways that you can reduce your environmental impact from landfill gas: Reduce the amount of waste that you generate. This will help to reduce the amount of gas that is produced by the landfill. [Compost your organic waste](https://www.npr.org/2020/04/07/828918397/how-to-compost-at-home) instead of sending it to the landfill. This will help to speed up the decomposition process and reduce the amount of gas that is produced. Recycle as much as possible. This will help to reduce the amount of waste that ends up in landfills. Avoid disposing of hazardous materials in the landfill. This will help to reduce the amount of harmful pollutants that are released into the atmosphere. ## **What Are the Alternatives to Landfill Gas?** There are several alternatives to landfill gas, including: ![Alternatives_to_Landfill_Gas](https://www.carboncollectiveinvesting.com/hs-fs/hubfs/Alternatives_to_Landfill_Gas.png?width=1920&name=Alternatives_to_Landfill_Gas.png) **Incineration:** This process involves burning the waste in order to reduce its volume. It can be used to generate electricity or heat. **Gasification:** This process involves converting the waste into a gaseous fuel, such as methane or carbon dioxide. **Pyrolysis:** This process involves heating the waste in the absence of oxygen. It can be used to generate electricity or heat. **Anaerobic digestion:** This process involves breaking down the waste in the absence of oxygen. It can be used to generate methane gas, which can be used as a fuel. ## **The Bottom Line** Landfill gas is a potent greenhouse gas that can have negative impacts on the environment and human health. There are several ways to reduce your environmental impact from landfill gas, including reducing the amount of waste you generate, composting organic waste, and recycling. There are also several alternatives to landfill gas, including incineration, gasification, pyrolysis, and anaerobic digestion. ## **FAQs** ### **1. What is landfill gas?** Landfill gas is a mixture of gases that are produced by the decomposition of organic matter in landfills. The main gases found in landfill gas are methane and carbon dioxide. ### **2. What are the effects of landfill gas on the environment?** Landfill gas can have harmful impacts on the environment, including contributing to climate change and causing air pollution. ### **3. What are the effects of landfill gas on human health?** Inhalation of high concentrations of methane can lead to asphyxiation, while exposure to high concentrations of carbon dioxide can cause respiratory problems. In addition, other pollutants found in landfill gas, such as volatile organic compounds and particulate matter, can also be harmful to human health if inhaled. ### **4. Who is most at risk from exposure to landfill gas?** People who live near landfills are most at risk from exposure to landfill gas. ### **5. Why is it important to reduce your environmental impact from landfill gas?** Landfill gas is a potent greenhouse gas that can have negative impacts on the environment and human health. 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